Rohingya displacement

descriptiveText = ({
  "Myanmar": html`
    <p>Myanmar’s Rohingya people have <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2023/06/myanmar-authorities-must-ensure-full-legal-recognition-right-citizenship-all-rohingya">faced discrimination</a> for over 75 years, ranging from legal discrimination to restrictions on movement and exclusion from social systems.</p>
    <p>In recent decades this has accelerated as waves of killings and sexual violence have driven Rohingya away. In the most recent of these in <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/myanmar-ffm/index">2017</a>, 10,000 Rohingya were killed and over half a million more fled.</p>
    <p>This map shows the countries where Rohingya have sought refuge. The Myanmar junta has recently tried to repatriate Rohingya as conditions worsen for the 600,000 who <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/07/22/world-court-rejects-myanmar-objections-genocide-case">remain</a>.</p>`,
  "Bangladesh": html` 
    <p>The Kutupalong refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh has grown to over 1.2 million refugees, as decades of Myanmar “clearance operations” have forced Rohingya to flee for their lives.</p>
    <p>Kutupalong is now the <a href="https://theazadiproject.com/2023/05/20/shadow-of-refuge/">largest</a> refugee camp in the world.</p>
    <p>Rohingya surviving in Bangladesh are under constant threat of <a href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2000/05/01/burmese-refugees-bangladesh/still-no-durable-solution">forced repatriation</a>, as well as harassment and abuse from <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/01/17/bangladesh-rampant-police-abuse-rohingya-refugees">both police and gangs</a>.</p>`,
  "Indonesia": html`
    <p>At least 2,000 Rohingya have escaped to Indonesia.</p>
    <p>Most have fled from camps in Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh, where they <a href="https://youthcongressrohingya.com/this-persecution-is-the-worst-there-is/">faced</a> restrictions on movement, work and education, as well as physical abuse and extortion.</p>
    <p>Indonesia’s Foreign Ministry was <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/hundreds-more-rohingya-refugees-arrive-indonesias-aceh-2023-11-19/">quoted</a> by Reuters as saying that Indonesia “has no obligation nor capacity to accommodate refugees, let alone to provide a permanent solution”.</p>`,
  "India": html`
    <p>The 40,000 Rohingya who have fled to India are increasingly suffering from the Hindu nationalist policies of India’s government.</p>
    <p>Like many countries hosting Rohingya refugees, India has <a href="https://theazadiproject.com/2023/05/20/shadow-of-refuge/">classified</a> them as illegal immigrants.</p>`,
  "Malaysia": html`
    <p>According to the UNHCR, 100,000 Rohingya are in Malaysia. More than one in six is <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/24/malaysia-surge-summary-deportations-myanmar">held in indefinite detention</a>, including <a href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/03/05/we-cant-see-sun/malaysias-arbitrary-detention-migrants-and-refugees">over 1000 children</a>.</p>
    <p>Malaysian officials have <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/24/malaysia-surge-summary-deportations-myanmar">actively worked with Yangon’s military junta</a> to forcibly return Rohingya to Myanmar, where they face possible death and rampant sexual violence.</p>
    <p>In at least one case in 2021, over 1000 Rohingya refugees were given over to Myanmar <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/02/24/malaysia-investigate-return-1086-myanmar-nationals">just hours</a> after Malaysia’s High Court allowed them a temporary stay in the country. Deportations have accelerated since then.</p>`,
  "Thailand": html`
    <p>As of 2023, between 3,000 and 4,000 Rohingya remain in Thailand. Many sit in <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/07/thailand-allow-newly-arrived-rohingya-access-asylum">indefinite detention</a>.</p>
    <p>In 2013, Thai police <a href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/330350/thailand-to-deport-400-rohingya-migrants-after-raid">deported 400 Rohingya</a> back to Myanmar, and in 2022, Human Rights Watch reported that, according to an embassy in Bangkok, “Thai officials are holding more than 470 Rohingya in indefinite immigration detention with no access to refugee status determination procedures.”</p>`
})

map !== null ?
  html`
    <div class="overlay-content">
      <h2>${map.ADMIN}</h2>
      ${descriptiveText[map.ADMIN]}
    </div>` :
  html`<div class="overlay-content"><h2>Myanmar</h2>${descriptiveText["Myanmar"]}</div>`

Plot = import("https://esm.run/@observablehq/[email protected]")

viewof map = Plot.plot({
  // projection: { type: "orthographic", rotate: [-77.5, -5] },
  projection: ({width, height}) => d3.geoAzimuthalEquidistant()
    .rotate([-77.5, 7.5]) 
    .translate([width / 2, height / 1.2]) 
    .scale(width / 1.3)
    .clipAngle(62.5),
  marks: [
    Plot.sphere({
      fill: "#66ccff",
      stroke: "transparent"
    }),
    Plot.graticule({
      stroke: "white"
    }),
    Plot.geo(coastlines, {
      fill: "#99ff99"
    }),
    Plot.geo(countries, {
      fill: "lightyellow",
      stroke: "#00000033",
      // opacity: 0.25,
      filter: d => d.properties.ADMIN != "Myanmar"
    }),
    Plot.geo(countries, {
      fill: "orange",
      stroke: "black",
      filter: d => d.properties.ADMIN == "Myanmar"
    }),
    Plot.arrow(refugees, {
      x1: "from_lon",
      y1: "from_lat",
      x2: "to_lon",
      y2: "to_lat",
      // opacity: 0.75,
      strokeWidth: d => Math.sqrt(d.count) / 150,
      stroke: "firebrick",
      fill: "firebrick",
      // bend: 70,
      headLength: 0
    }),
    Plot.dot(refugees, {
      x: "to_lon",
      y: "to_lat",
      // opacity: 0.75,
      r: "count",
      stroke: "firebrick",
      fill: "firebrick",
      // bend: 70,
      headLength: 0
    }),
    Plot.sphere(),
    Plot.tip(refugees, Plot.pointer({
      x: "to_lon",
      y: "to_lat",
      channels: {
        "Country": {
          label: "",
          value: "ADMIN"
        },
        "Refugees": {
          label: "",
          // value: d => d3.format(",.0f")(d.count) + " refugees"
          value: "text"
        }
      },
      format: {
        x: null,
        y: null
      },
      lineHeight: 1.25
    })),
  ],
  r: {
    range: [1, 7]
  },
  width: 750,
  height: 500,
  marginBottom: 10,
  style: {
    fontSize: 14,
    fontFamily: "Roboto Condensed"
  }
})

Get this map